JOURNALS

ABSTRACT

Kidnapping has become a critical security challenge in Anambra State, with increasing connections to ritualistic practices such as Okeite. This study explores the intersection between traditional belief systems and criminal activities, analyzing how Okeite rituals contribute to the rising cases of abduction. Many perpetrators believe that human sacrifices enhance wealth, political influence, or supernatural protection, leading to a surge in ritual-related kidnappings.Using Routine Activity Theory and Strain Theory, the study examines how economic desperation, weak law enforcement, and ritualistic beliefs drive kidnapping activities. Routine Activity Theory explains how motivated offenders exploit vulnerable victims due to inadequate security measures, while Strain Theory highlights how individuals facing economic hardship resort to ritual-based crime as an alternative route to financial success.This research adopts a mixed-method approach, combining qualitative interviews with law enforcement officers, traditional leaders, victims' families, and ex-kidnappers, alongside quantitative crime data analysis. Findings reveal that ritual kidnappings are often orchestrated by organized crime syndicates, religious extremists, and individuals seeking supernatural wealth. Additionally, weak judicial systems, corruption, and public fear of supernatural retaliation contribute to the persistence of these crimes.The study recommends stronger legal frameworks, improved security intelligence, community policing, and public awareness campaigns to counter the socio-cultural beliefs sustaining ritual killings. Collaboration between government agencies, traditional rulers, religious organizations, and law enforcement bodies is essential to dismantling the networks enabling Okeite related kidnappings. By addressing both cultural and criminal dimensions, this research provides valuable insights into effective policy measures to curb ritual-based kidnapping in Anambra State